Modern Surveying Instruments
— Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) Instruments:
Direct measurement of distances and their directions can be obtained by using electronic instruments that rely on propagation, reflection and reception of either light waves or radio waves.
Electronic Distance Measurements (EDM)
— Infrared wave instruments
— Light wave instruments
— Micro wave instruments
Infrared Wave Instruments
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| Infrared Wave Instruments |
• These instruments measure distances by using amplitude modulated infrared waves. (prisms mounted on target are used to reflect the waves.)
• These instruments are light and economical and can be mounted on theodolites for angular measurements.
• The range of such an instrument will be 3 km and the accuracy achieved is ± 10 mm.
Light Wave Instruments
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Light Wave Instruments |
• These are the instruments which measures distances based on propagation of modulated light waves.
• The accuracy of such an instrument varies from 0.5 to 5 mm / km distance and has a range of nearly 3 km.
Microwave Instruments
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| Microwave Instruments |
• These instruments make use of high frequency radio waves.
• Thee instruments were invented as early as 1950 in South Africa by Dr. T.L. Wadley.
• The range of these instruments is up to 100 km and can be used both during day and might.
Total Stations
It is a light weight, compact and fully integrated electronic instrument combining the capability of an EDM and an angular measuring instrument such as wild theodolite.It can perform the following functions.
• Distance measurement
• Angular measurement
• Data processing
• Storing data is an electronic field book
Modern Surveying Instruments
There are four basic types of this surveying equipment :
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| Modern Surveying Instruments|Civil Easy Learning |
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